Gross Rent Multiplier

Gross Rent Multiplier is the ratio of the price of a real estate investment to its annual rental income before expenses such as property taxes, insurance, and even utilities.

Other expenses could include the cost of hiring a property management company. To sum up Gross Rent Multiplier, it is the number of years the property would take to pay for itself in gross received rent.

For the investor, a higher GRM (perhaps over 20) is a poorer opportunity, whereas a lower one (perhaps under 15) is better.

The GRM is calculated with the following formula as long as you are aware of the two variables price and rent, as the GRM will be their quotient: PURCHASE PRICE/GROSS ANNUAL RENTAL INCOME = GRM; $180,000/$15,000 = 12.

The GRM is useful for comparing and selecting investment properties where depreciation effects, periodic costs (such as property taxes and insurance), and costs to the investor incurred by a potential renter (such as utilities and repairs) can be expected to be uniform across the properties (either as uniform values or uniform fractions of the gross rental income) or insignificant in comparison to gross rental income. As these costs are also often more difficult to predict than market rental return, the GRM serves as an alternative to a measure of net investment return where such a measure would be difficult to determine.
The common measure of rental real estate value based on net return rather than gross rental income is the Capitalization Rate or Cap Rate.

In contrast to the GRM, the Cap Rate is not a multiplier but a rate of annual return. A similar multiplier to the GRM, derived from net return, would be the multiplicative inverse of the Cap Rate. Gross Rent Multipliers are found by dividing the price of the property by its rent.

Gross Rent Multipliers are found by dividing the price of the property by its rent.

- $100,000 property divided by $10,000 annually in rent would give you an annual Gross Rent Multiplier of 10.
- $100,000 property divided by $1,000 monthly in rent would give you a monthly Gross Rent Multiplier of 100.
- If you are given a monthly rent amount and an annual GRM, then multiply that monthly number by 12, because you always want to use annual figures when possible.